The exam will consist of 20 questions covering:

• Definitions of the basic terms of logic, such as argument, inference, premiss, etc.

• The relationship of premisses and conclusions.

• Basic argument diagrams showing premisses and conclusions, independent and co-dependent premisses.

• The distinction between argument and explanation.

• Aristotelian analysis of standard form categorical propositions: A, E, I, and O propositions and the rules of distribution.

• The Aristotelian square of the oppositions and the immediate inferences involved.
  (Remember that inferences are best defined in terms of their respective truth and falsity: contraries cannot both be true, but they can both be false).

• The other immediate inferences.

• Venn diagrams for categorical propositions and standard form categorical syllogisms.

• The Rules and Fallacies of standard form categorical syllogisms.

• The common valid argument forms; disjunctive syllogism, pure and mixed hypothetical syllogism (modus ponens and modus tullens are the two valid forms).

• Basic Symbolic Logic including:

  Deriving the truth of a compound statement by applying the definitions of conjunctions, disjunctions, and hypotheticals,

  Showing the specific forms of arguments as conditional statements,

  The use of truth tables to determine validity,

  Mood and figure (you will be given the four figures)

  DeMorgan's Theorems.

• Informal fallacies: you will be given three fallacies and three examples and asked to fit the definition to the fallacy. You will also be asked to define three named informal fallacies.